{"id":863,"date":"2015-04-09T12:57:38","date_gmt":"2015-04-09T12:57:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ardentservices.co.uk\/?p=863"},"modified":"2017-01-26T11:13:08","modified_gmt":"2017-01-26T11:13:08","slug":"drone-aviary-journal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/superflux.in\/index.php\/drone-aviary-journal\/","title":{"rendered":"THE DRONE AVIARY JOURNAL"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"BodyA\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">The Drone Aviary &#8211; an R&amp;D project from The Superflux Lab &#8211; is an investigation of the social, political and cultural potential of drone technology as it enters civil space. Through a series of ongoing installations, films and publications, the project aims to give a glimpse into a near-future city co-habit with <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2018<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">intelligent<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2019<\/span> <i><span lang=\"EN-US\">semi autonomous, networked, flying machines<\/span><\/i><span lang=\"EN-US\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyA\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">We were pleased to be invited by the <a title=\"Opens in a new window\" href=\"http:\/\/www.vam.ac.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\">V&amp;A<\/a> to present an installation of the project within the Civic Objects display at their ground-breaking show <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2018<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a title=\"Opens in a new window\" href=\"http:\/\/www.timeout.com\/london\/things-to-do\/all-of-this-belongs-to-you\" target=\"_blank\">All Of This Belongs To You<\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2019<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">, running from 1st April to 19th July 2015. You<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2019<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">ll find our installation in <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a title=\"Opens in a new window\" href=\"http:\/\/www.vam.ac.uk\/whatson\/event\/3533\/rapid-response-collecting-5039\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"Hyperlink0\">Rapid Response Collecting<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">, within the 20th century design exhibits, in the space adjacent to <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a title=\"Opens in a new window\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/video\/2014\/jan\/31\/snowden-files-computer-destroyed-guardian-gchq-basement-video\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"Hyperlink0\">the smashed Snowden hard drive and laptop lent by the Guardian<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/124292043\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" frameborder=\"0\" title=\"Drone Aviary\" webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><em>(The Drone Aviary Film, recommended viewing with headphones)<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyA\"><strong>In this post, we want to share some of our intent behind the project, as well as our process of research, design, hacking, building and testing, all of which continues to be an intense but great learning curve.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyA\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\nPROJECT JOURNAL: INTENT, RESEARCH AND DESIGN PROCESS<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyA\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">It<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2019<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">s 2015. An inebriated off-duty government intelligence agent sends his DJI Phantom crashing into the White House, resulting in the private drone company forcing a mandatory firmware to disable all Camera Drones in Washington DC<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2019<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">s No Fly Zone with immediate effect. And this came just few weeks after a drone outfitted with mistletoe <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a title=\"Opens in a new window\" href=\"http:\/\/www.grubstreet.com\/2014\/12\/tgi-fridays-mobile-misteltoe.html\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"Hyperlink1\">flew<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> into a photojournalist&#8217;s face, bloodying her nose and chin. Whilst the occasional crash stories get all the coverage, the last couple of years have seen a prodigious rise in civilian drones with venture capital funding for drone-related startups totaling to $412 million in 2014. From <i>NASA<\/i><\/span><i><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2019<\/span><\/i><i><span lang=\"EN-US\">s hurricane-hunting drones to methane-sniffing anti-fracking drones, to the larger corporate beasts such as <\/span><\/i><span lang=\"EN-US\">Google<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2019<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">s <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a title=\"Opens in a new window\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/technology-28964260\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"Hyperlink2\">Project Wing<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> and Amazon<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2019<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">s <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a title=\"Opens in a new window\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2014\/jul\/11\/amazon-prime-air-delivery-drones\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"Hyperlink2\">Prime Air delivery service<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">, Facebook<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2019<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">s solar drones, the more altruistic ventures such as the <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dronesforgood.ae\/\"><span class=\"Hyperlink2\">Drones for Good Award<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">, the critical voices of the <a title=\"Opens in a new window\" href=\"http:\/\/dronecenter.bard.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\">Centre for the Study of the Drone<\/a> and <a title=\"Opens in a new window\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dronejournalismlab.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">Drone Journalism Lab<\/a>, to the hugely popular<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a title=\"Opens in a new window\" href=\"http:\/\/diydrones.com\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"Hyperlink2\">DIYdrones.com<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> &#8211; the interest in drones is growing faster than any regulatory framework around their use. Ruth Mallors, director of the UK aerospace Knowledge Transfer Network, estimates the value of all the potential services drones might provide could excede $400 billion a year.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"FreeFormA\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">All of this clearly shows the rather overwhelming excitement around civilian drones, whilst the technology remains <\/span><em><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a title=\"Opens in a new window\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cs.cmu.edu\/~illah\/\" target=\"_blank\">a moving target of invention and boundary-testing making it almost impossible to create legal and cultural boundaries quickly enough<\/a>.<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span> <\/em><span lang=\"EN-US\">More importantly, it also means there is little opportunity to reflect on the implications of living with it today, or in the near future. <\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"FreeFormA\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><strong>How will our cities adopt to them, what supporting infrastructure will need to be built, how will it weave into the fabric of the city, and how will it age?<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"FreeFormA\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">As we have seen, the word <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">drone<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span> <span lang=\"EN-US\">is a complex, heavily loaded term; simultaneously a mascot of risk-transfer militarism, and an artifact of celebrity obsession, a tool for <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kickstarter.com\/projects\/1926278254\/drone-on-the-farm-an-aerial-expose\"><span class=\"Hyperlink2\">important journalistic endeavors<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> and a DIY enthusiast<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2019<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">s dream. Whilst the focus is on innovation, there is little contemplation on how the presence of these machines will change our lived experience of the urban environment, and the way we understand and interact with their increasing autonomy. And that is precisely the ambition of the Drone Aviary project: to explore the physical, digital, spatial, and civic complexities of this technology. In our work we use the term <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2018<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">drones<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2019<\/span> <span lang=\"EN-US\">to suggest partial or full autonomy, although our bigger motivation is to use this technology as a vehicle to reflect on the wider consequences of how personal robotics might integrate into our everyday lives.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyA\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">We also want to use this opportunity to investigate the technology not just as a <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2018<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">machine<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2019<\/span> <span lang=\"EN-US\">with all its technical capabilities, but to explore the vision it will have, the space and geography it will occupy, the network it will operate within, the physical and digital infrastructures it will use, and the legal and regulatory frameworks that bind it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>1. THE OBJECT<br \/>\n2. THE (AIR)SPACE<br \/>\n3. THE VISION<br \/>\n4. THE INFRASTRUCTURE<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b><span lang=\"EN-US\">1. THE OBJECT <\/span><\/b><span lang=\"EN-US\"><em>(THE TECHNOLOGY, ITS MATERIALITY AND AESTHETICS)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyA\"><em>We walked over from the Studio to Southwark Park, where Jon placed his drone down in the middle of the expansive patch of grass. He walked a few steps backwards, holding the controller. About seven of us stood right behind him. Dan was holding his laptop, I was ready to film the moment. Jonathan and Dillon were holding spare props and batteries, and Sam had his headphones on ready to listen to the input from his audio recorder.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyA\"><em>Whooooosh. Easy lift off, the propeller blades cutting through the grass as it went soaring up into the sky, gently steering left all the way to the end of the park, then right, then back towards us, marking a perfect square. All of us stood in a row, cheering as we witnessed our first fully autonomous flight, from a drone we had built. It was exhilarating. It was the first step towards testing the RTK swift system, and excitedly we were talking about getting 5-10 drones flying autonomously in outdoor space, talking to one central system.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyA\"><em><span lang=\"EN-US\">But just then, instead of landing where it was meant to, the drone began to accelerate and flew towards us. Everyone screamed, rushing back. And then almost as abruptly, it averted, flipped, raced backwards and gently landed a few yards away. Someone let out a sigh. A nervous laugh followed. Jon simply turned around and said, <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">Sorry I didn&#8217;t mean to scare you<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">. He had seen the flight going wrong towards the very end, and taken control of the remote just in time. That ever-so-brief moment of horror on the faces of those technologists, makers, designers and artists will remain an acute memory. Those who build and play with the technology, those who would be most equipped to deal with surprises were left shaken, if only for a fraction of a second.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyA\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">This little episode gives a quick glimpse into our team<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2019<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">s relentless effort to get under the hood of this technology, spending vast amounts of time building and testing, in order to grasp its rapid growth, and understand the limits of (hacked) possibility. We are not drone or robotics experts, but we are designers (and <a title=\"Opens in a new window\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jugaad\" target=\"_blank\">jugaad <\/a>practitioners, if you like), with enough skills and expertise to understand the complexities of this technology and test its limits. And this process of making, building, hacking, testing, and innovating is important because it<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2019<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">s only through such rigour that one begins to understand the huge disconnect between the hype and the ground-level reality of the technology.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyA\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">For the original installation, we could have bought off-the-shelf drones, and got them to operate and fly. But it was deemed too expensive. We were forced to build everything from scratch &#8211; the frames and the drone brain (the autopilot system), as well as assembling it and making sure it survives flight. Our project<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2019<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">s focus has been on outdoor flight. Not indoors, with infrared cameras and sensors to guide them, but in an environment where drones are meant to be flying eventually, in order to understand the potential and limitations of autonomous flight.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyA\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-866 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/ardentservices.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/advert11.jpg\" alt=\"advert11\" width=\"2048\" height=\"2327\" srcset=\"https:\/\/superflux.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/advert11.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/superflux.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/advert11-158x180.jpg 158w, https:\/\/superflux.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/advert11-264x300.jpg 264w, https:\/\/superflux.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/advert11-768x873.jpg 768w, https:\/\/superflux.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/advert11-901x1024.jpg 901w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyA\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">Through this process we have also learnt how to move past the current lack of interoperability towards the design of a common operating system, encompassing both hardware and software. But let<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2019<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">s not forget that this whole thing of making it real and making it fly is in order to start revealing what these machines really do. With autonomy will come agency, and that<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2019<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">s when it starts getting messy and complicated. It<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2019<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">s the space we want to explore more and understand better, in order to invent, design, critique and disseminate.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyA\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\">FORM AND AESTHETICS<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"FreeFormA\"><i><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span><\/i><i><span lang=\"EN-US\">Autonomous robots will displace our sense of control precisely because they are out of our control, but occupy the physical world and demand our attention.<\/span><\/i><i><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span><\/i><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a title=\"Opens in a new window\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cs.cmu.edu\/~illah\/\" target=\"_blank\">Illah Nourbaksh<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"FreeFormA\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">Each drone that we have developed serves as a touchpoint, a hook, a node that represents a deeper theme, issue or concern. And so it was important that the design and the aesthetic of each drone represents that theme, whilst inevitably becoming an integral part of a consumer landscape. Every aspect of each drone has been specifically <i>built and<\/i> <i>designed<\/i>, a conscious and deliberate aesthetic decision to moves beyond the off-the-shelf <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">machine<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0or\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2018<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">hacked&#8217;\/&#8217;DIY<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2019<\/span> <span lang=\"EN-US\">aesthetic. By presenting them as<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2018<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">products<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2019<\/span> <span lang=\"EN-US\">we want to reference ways in which beautifully designed products and seductive user experience often obfuscate the technology at play, and its intent.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyA\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\">2. THE VISION<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"BodyA\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/h3>\n<h3 class=\"BodyA\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">The conquest of physical space, the extension of society<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2019<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">s compass, the ability to be anywhere and see anything.<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span><\/em><\/h3>\n<p class=\"BodyA\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0<\/span><\/em><span lang=\"EN-US\">&#8211;\u00a0 <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">B<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">enjamin Wallace-Wells<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyA\">The second big challenge of understanding this technology starts the minute you get them to fly. As soon as they start flying, there is a complete and total collapse of the distance between us and the airspace surrounding us, as the drone becomes a new kind of disembodied prosthetic, allowing us to watch over the world with a little controller. Extreme acclivity can be exhilarating. It can make you feel both alone and unrivalled.<i> <\/i>Standing with your feet on the ground, the tips of your body push up and high into the sky, entering a state of temporary amaranthine. But this can also be simultaneously terrifying, as the drone can behave erratically, either because of your own incompetency or technical failure, and can result in damage, from destroying expensive equipment to causing harm or injury to people and property.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyA\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-867 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/ardentservices.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/film_01.png\" alt=\"film_01\" width=\"1044\" height=\"585\" srcset=\"https:\/\/superflux.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/film_01.png 1044w, https:\/\/superflux.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/film_01-270x151.png 270w, https:\/\/superflux.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/film_01-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/superflux.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/film_01-768x430.png 768w, https:\/\/superflux.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/film_01-1024x574.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1044px) 100vw, 1044px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyA\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><em>Stills from the <a href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/124292043\" target=\"_blank\">film<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Whatever the pros and cons<i>, <\/i>once you have this air-minded vantage point, you enter a position of strategic advantage and strength. A position that eludes to the magical effect of the pale blue dot, the overview effect and the change in cognitive ability. <i><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span><\/i><i><span lang=\"EN-US\">Drones can democratize the overview effect. The scale is obviously magnitudes smaller but the principle is the same. They remind us that the truly remarkable thing is not looking up to marvel at the technology of a balloon or airplane or spaceship, it<\/span><\/i><i><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2019<\/span><\/i><i><span lang=\"EN-US\">s really what happens when you are up, and looking down.<\/span><\/i><i><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0 <\/span><\/i><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a title=\"Opens in a new window\" href=\"http:\/\/www.virgin.com\/unite\/business-innovation\/democratizing-the-overview-effect%2520:%2520http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Overview_effect\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"Hyperlink2\">Chris Anderson<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyA\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">This might be true, but we also know that this vision becomes more then an adventure sport, it<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2019<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">s more then a breathtaking view. Seeing the world through the drone<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2019<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">s eye is powerful. And that<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2019<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">s because, drones are, most importantly, data-acquisition devices. Joanne McNeill and Ingrid Burrington make this explicit in their <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a title=\"Opens in a new window\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dissentmagazine.org\/article\/droneism\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"Hyperlink3\">article<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">: <\/span><i><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span><\/i><i><span lang=\"EN-US\">All drones carry the burden that comes with being an instrument of tremendous power. It is the vantage point they offer, it is the data they collect from that vantage point, and it is the power afforded by that data.<\/span><\/i><i><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0 <\/span><\/i><span lang=\"EN-US\">Their sensors can also capture, record, transmit, share, save and even make decisions. As civilian drones become tasked with chores and functions, they will carry more sensors, gain further autonomy and even agency. This shift will be bumpy, full of bugs and crashes, but it will be a paradigm shift nonetheless. A shift that will bring with it a\u00a0new language, vocabulary and in this instance, optics, which I daresay, will lead to a <a href=\"https:\/\/faculty.washington.edu\/pembina\/all_articles\/Haraway1988.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">whole new politics<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyAA\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">Whilst not all drones are harnessing their sensor power for monitoring or surveillance purposes, they will all have this vantage point and will gain informational power, as they operate in this abstract communicational space. When the network is digital and invisible it appears to be like magic and we remained unchallenged, but what happens when it starts becoming visible and gain physical form? What will our relationship to it be, and how will we interpret its actions? Those who own the systems to breathe life into this informational power are the ones who become the most powerful. This, in turn has already given rise to a new kind of networked colonialism.<\/span><b><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyAA\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-868 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/ardentservices.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/film_03.png\" alt=\"film_03\" width=\"955\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https:\/\/superflux.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/film_03.png 955w, https:\/\/superflux.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/film_03-270x151.png 270w, https:\/\/superflux.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/film_03-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/superflux.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/film_03-768x430.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 955px) 100vw, 955px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"FreeFormA\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><em>Stills from the <a href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/124292043\" target=\"_blank\">film<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">In the film every drone<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2019<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">s point of view is presented through a series of video feeds, the data they acquire and the metadata they create. This drone vision gives a glimpse of banality of its tasks; capturing, recording and logging data, its capacity to form patterns, infer decisions, and its inevitable clumsiness and fragility. Its an attempt to present a world where the motivations haven<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2019<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">t changed; advertisers still want to sell cans of coca cola, traffic wardens are still scouting cars for parking fees; tasks that seem mundane and perhaps even repetitive enough to hand over to these flying robots. There is lot going on in the film, and we think repeated viewings might start to reveal new layers. For instance, how geofencing width might vary across buildings. Those luxurious highrises would probably afford to have a deeper geofence, whilst the lesser blessed live with narrow boundaries to protect them. In the advertising sequence, you&#8217;ll notice someone who has an &#8216;access denied&#8217; block. We assume annonymity will become a luxury, an expensive service you pay for.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyA\">Video footage of a city captured from these drones is juxtaposed with our own trials and tests of building and flying them. The film aims to present the shifts in power the technology is creating, from surveillance drones to personal (insta) drones, to present a gripping experience of the messy, multilayered social and cultural narratives that are constantly being written around it.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyA\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\">3. THE (AIR)SPACE THEY OCCUPY<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyAA\"><i><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span><\/i><i><span lang=\"EN-US\">We talk about atmosphere, stratosphere, airspace. But none of the words say much about the porousness between the rooftops and the clouds, the bit of the sky we breathe, walk through, and look out upon.<\/span><\/i><i><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span> <\/i><span lang=\"EN-US\">J.M Ledgerd.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyAA\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">Building a multirotor and getting it to fly can be complicated, but simultaneously exhilarating and terrifying. But with developments in autonomous flight control software,\u00a0and changing regulations, the air above our heads could get crowded, and <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a title=\"Opens in a new window\" href=\"http:\/\/www.virgin.com\/unite\/business-innovation\/how-will-we-live-with-drones\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"Hyperlink2\">comments like this<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> will become increasingly common.\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">When we talk about civic space, as a physical entity, we rarely talk about the space above our heads, partly because of the (somewhat) naive belief that the belt between our heads and airplanes\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a title=\"Opens in a new window\" href=\"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/blogs\/money\/2014\/05\/30\/317074394\/drone-wars-who-owns-the-air\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"Hyperlink2\">is a civic space, its in the public domain<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">. After all, we can fly kites and go paragliding. From the\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a title=\"Opens in a new window\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Common_law\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"Hyperlink2\">common law<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">, where <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a title=\"Opens in a new window\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Real_property\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"Hyperlink2\">real property<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> ownership extended &#8220;<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a title=\"Opens in a new window\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ad_coelum\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"Hyperlink2\">from the depths to the heavens<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">&#8221; to the infamous <a title=\"Opens in a new window\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_v._Causby\" target=\"_blank\">United States v. Causby<\/a> (1946) airspace, the <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a title=\"Opens in a new window\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bernstein_of_Leigh_v_Skyviews_&amp;_General_Ltd\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"Hyperlink2\">Bernstein of Leigh v. Skyview &amp; General (1978)<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">, and many more, ownership of airspace has become a messy battlefield.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyAA\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">In the US, whilst the airspace is heavily regulated by FAA, the bit above our heads up to 500 ft is also being eyed by entrepreneurs and drone companies who want to claim a slice of it. Bigger companies like Facebook and Google are already using public airspace as real estate in the high-stakes competition for domination of the Internet.\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">In the UK too, the CAA is attempting to build granularity in its laws which at the moment are very fuzzy, <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a title=\"Opens in a new window\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/magazine-30387107\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"Hyperlink2\">but this is just where the complication begins<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">. The CAA&#8217;s focus is purely safety. For every different aspect of the drone<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2019<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">s use, it seems like a different legal body will be required to take action.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyAA\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><b>Countermeasures<\/b><br \/>\n<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">As this battle for air rights takes on a new meaning thanks to civilian drones (UAVs), the countermeasures around it are fascinating too. As <a href=\"https:\/\/thealpinereview.com\/article\/the-drones-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\">Parker Higgins comments<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span><em><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">Unlike more traditional hacking scenarios, the consequences of a drone being compromised can be both digital and physical.<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/em><span lang=\"EN-US\">We have seen incidents, especially in the US, where several drones have been shot down if found hovering above someone else<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2019<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">s property. Jamming, <a title=\"Opens in a new window\" href=\"http:\/\/www.wired.com\/2012\/07\/drone-gps-spoof\/all\/\" target=\"_blank\">spoofing<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">and other countermeasures to combat these aerial machines are well documented. <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">The politics and counter-politics of being tracked, combined with some pseudo-power afforded by a jamming <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">smart drone<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">,<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0is in some ways a tragic irony of our times.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyA\"><b><span lang=\"EN-US\">4.\u00a0 NEW (INVISIBLE) INFRASTRUCTURES<\/span><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyA\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">The question of territoriality and airspace takes us into a bigger discussion around infrastructure that will need to be in place for these airborne machines. Whilst the network (through the drones) gets a physical form, the infrastructure to support them is vastly invisible and digital. Amazon recently asked the <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a title=\"Opens in a new window\" href=\"http:\/\/gigaom.com\/2014\/07\/11\/amazon-asks-faa-to-test-prime-air-says-drones-will-go-over-50mph-with-geo-fence-for-safety\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"Hyperlink3\">FAA for permission to test its Prime Air service<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">, on the basis that they will use geo-fencing<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">to keep the drone in an <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">electronic box<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span> <span lang=\"EN-US\">below 400 feet. The <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a title=\"Opens in a new window\" href=\"http:\/\/www.uasvision.com\/2014\/04\/15\/dji-programmes-phantom-with-no-fly-zones-around-350-airports\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"Hyperlink3\">Phantom DJI <\/span><span class=\"Hyperlink3\">\u2019<\/span><span class=\"Hyperlink3\">s No Fly Zone system<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> creates a curious technological and sovereignty precedent, which initially created a geo-fence that prevented the flight of all Phantoms within a 15 kilometre radius of Tiananmen Square in Beijing, and has now been extended to 350 airports. And of course the recent No fly zone over Washington, and the company <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.noflyzone.org\/\"><span class=\"Hyperlink2\">No Fly Zone<\/span><\/a><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> inviting members of the public to submit their location data so they can let private drone manufacturers know that they don<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2019<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">t want a drone flying above their heads.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyA\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">All of this opens up a can of worms. Like so much technology, thought is given to its use, yet all other repercussions and implications remain unanswered. How do we imagine this playing out? How willing are we to give our GPS locations to a private company, who can share it with whomsoever they like? In regards to geofencing, how happy are we to buy something we think we know and then find its functionality constantly change or diminish? And what about all the hundreds and thousands of home made drones that will never obey the geofencing rules laid out by private manufacturers?<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyAA\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">This is just the start. Beyond large corporate ventures, the civilian drone industry is booming with gadget lovers buying off-the-shelf technology, DIY enthusiasts, entrepreneurs, public sector and non-governmental ventures, all investing in this technology. As all these drones take to the sky, what are the vertical, digital infrastructural capabilities that cities will need to equip themselves with? What sort of legal and regulatory and frameworks will need to be developed? This is already a contentious issue, which will only become messier unless some careful systems design is not done immediately.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyAA\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-869 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/ardentservices.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/survelliance-drone-sketch.jpg\" alt=\"survelliance-drone-sketch\" width=\"2846\" height=\"1946\" srcset=\"https:\/\/superflux.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/survelliance-drone-sketch.jpg 2846w, https:\/\/superflux.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/survelliance-drone-sketch-263x180.jpg 263w, https:\/\/superflux.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/survelliance-drone-sketch-300x205.jpg 300w, https:\/\/superflux.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/survelliance-drone-sketch-768x525.jpg 768w, https:\/\/superflux.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/survelliance-drone-sketch-1024x700.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2846px) 100vw, 2846px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyAA\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">Rules across the world are rapidly changing, almost every week. It<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2019<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">s a political and commercial negotiation between businesses and regulators, with little input from the wider public. We are very interested in this dark matter, because none of the things we have talked about above will exist if this space is not considered. We are creating (speculative) sketches and designs of this dark, invisible architecture such as flight paths, zones, geofences and weight restrictions; basically the infrastructure that would support drones to fly and how the city might be divided.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyAA\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-835 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/ardentservices.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Drone-Infrastructure-Map.jpg\" alt=\"drone-infrastructure-map\" width=\"1200\" height=\"848\" srcset=\"https:\/\/superflux.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Drone-Infrastructure-Map.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/superflux.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Drone-Infrastructure-Map-255x180.jpg 255w, https:\/\/superflux.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Drone-Infrastructure-Map-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/superflux.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Drone-Infrastructure-Map-768x543.jpg 768w, https:\/\/superflux.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Drone-Infrastructure-Map-1024x724.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyA\"><em>A Speculative map of the city showing flight paths, zones, charging stations and geofencing.\u00a0<\/em><b><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><strong>CREDITS AND NEXT STEPS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyA\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">First and foremost we would like to thank <a title=\"Opens in a new window\" href=\"http:\/\/www.artscouncil.org.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\">Arts Council England<\/a> for their generous support throughout this project. We would also like to thank\u00a0the V&amp;A, especially\u00a0<\/span>the <a title=\"Opens in a new window\" href=\"http:\/\/www.timeout.com\/london\/things-to-do\/all-of-this-belongs-to-you\" target=\"_blank\">All Of This Belongs To You<\/a>team\u00a0Kieron Long, Corinna Gardner, Rory Hyde, Kate Drummond and Jennie Llyod-Evans for inviting us to show the work.<\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyA\">This project has involved several exceptionally talented people over the course of the past year and its been a humbling experience to work with them.<\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyA\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><strong>Project Leads:<\/strong> Jon Ardern and Anab Jain<br \/>\n<strong>Design and Prototyping:<\/strong> Jon Flint, Jon Ardern, Dillon Froelich, Ian Hutchinson, DOME Studio<br \/>\n<strong>Film Script and Direction:<\/strong> Anab Jain<br \/>\n<\/span><strong>Visual Designers:<\/strong> Katarina Medic, Georgina Bourke<br \/>\n<strong>Motion Designers:<\/strong> Dimitris Papadimitriou, Laurence\u00a0Menc\u00e9,\u00a0Alexandra Fruhstorfer<br \/>\n<strong>Sound Designers:<\/strong> Sam Conran, Ian Rawes<br \/>\n<strong>Technologists:<\/strong> Jon Ardern, Dan Williams, Mike Vanis,\u00a0Philipp Ronnenberg<br \/>\n<strong>Still Photography:<\/strong> Owen Richards, Jon Flint, Jon Ardern, Anab Jain<br \/>\n<strong>Drone Fictions:<\/strong><em>\u00a0<\/em>Tim Maughan<br \/>\n<strong>Acknowledgements:<\/strong><em>\u00a0<\/em>Yosuke Ushigome, David Benque,\u00a0Elvira Grob, Gejin Gao, Tobias Revell, Anuradha Reddy, Sarah Gold, Lisa Shakespeare, Carolina Vallejo, Martin and Mariko.<\/p>\n<p class=\"BodyA\">Moving forward, we continue to look for a venue with an open space where some of our drones can fly, moving within feet of visitors, giving a visceral, tangible experience of interacting with these flying machines. Whilst the flight is not critical to our work, we do believe the tangibility of the flight experience will play a bigger role in provoking thought and reflection of the actual technology and its implications. Meanwhile we will continue to develop work in this space, expanding to include other autonomous technologies and their changing relationships to us and our lived environment.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Drone Aviary &#8211; an R&amp;D project from The Superflux Lab &#8211; is an investigation of the social, political and cultural potential of drone technology as it enters civil space. Through a series of ongoing installations, films and publications, the project aims to give a glimpse into a near-future city co-habit with \u2018intelligent\u2019 semi autonomous,&#8230; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"hashtags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Drone Aviary Journal \u2014 Superflux<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In this post, we want to share some of our intent behind the project, as well as our process of research, design, hacking, building and testing.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/superflux.in\/index.php\/drone-aviary-journal\/\" \/>\n<meta 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